高压雾化设备在现代农业中的应用

高压雾化设备指利用高压雾化主机将经过精密过滤处理的水,输送到造雾专用高压管网,最后到达造雾专用喷头喷出成雾的系统。高压雾化设备在现代农业中主要应用在设施农业降温、加湿、植保以及景观等方面。其中,设施温室降温时依据地域的气候条件、系统投资、后期维护费用、运行费用、降温效果以及对温室湿度的影响等各种因素,来综合考虑高压雾化与其他降温方式联合使用降温,以期达到最佳效果。根据工程项目使用高压雾化设备的经验总结了相关建议,以期为实际生产提供参考。     

青海果洛高寒地区燕麦和小黑麦最佳混播比例筛选

为筛选出适合于三江源区燕麦(Avena sativa)和小黑麦(×Triticale Wittmack)混播比例,在青海省甘德县进行了燕麦与小黑麦不同混播处理的研究。结果表明,在供试的5个混播处理中,混播组合燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的干草产量最高,为13605 kg·hm–2,显著高于单播(P<0.05),和燕麦50%+小黑麦50%处理差异不显著(P>0.05)。燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的燕麦株高最高,比燕麦单播提高6.5%。燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的燕麦单株产量和单株地下生物量均显著高于燕麦单播和其他供试混播处理(P<0.05);小黑麦单株产量在燕麦40%+小黑麦60%处理下最高。燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的燕麦和小黑麦的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均低于单播,粗蛋白含量最高。利用干草产量、粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和中性洗涤纤维含量的相对值进行隶属函数值综合评价,得出混播处理的最佳比例为燕麦60%+小黑麦40%。     

Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

高分子编结网片水动力特性水槽试验研究

高分子渔用材料在设施养殖和海洋渔业中的应用越来越广泛,对其水动力特性进行研究十分必要。试验采用不同网目系数和网线粗度的高分子编结试验网片进行水槽试验,倾角从0°变化到90°,设置水流速度从0.3 m/s开始,以0.1 m/s为梯度,逐渐增大至1.3 m/s。为减小尾流和湍流对试验结果的影响,使用流线型框架固定装配。经试验得到以下结果:(1)在网片与水流垂直时,阻力系数有随网目系数增大而增大的趋势,而在网片与水流平行时,阻力系数随网目系数增大而减小。(2)阻力系数有随雷诺数增大而逐渐减少的趋势,网片平面与流体运动方向速度垂直时,阻力系数在13001500后阻力系数变化不大。(3)阻力系数随着冲角的增大而增大并最终趋于稳定值。(4)升阻力系数比(K)在总体上有随倾角变大而先变大再变小的趋势,K的极值均出现在20°到30°内,最大K值约为0.41。(5)网片与水流垂直时,在1000相似文献   

Cryptic species and population genetic structure of Plasmopara viticola in São Paulo State,Brazil

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is one of the most important diseases in grape-growing areas worldwide, including Brazil. To examine pathogen population biology and structure, P. viticola was sampled during the 2015/16 growing season from 516 lesions on nine grape cultivars in 11 locations in subtropical areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. For identification of cryptic species, a subsample of 130 isolates was subjected to cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis, and for 91 of these isolates the ITS1 region was sequenced. These analyses suggest that the population of P. viticola in São Paulo State consists of a single cryptic species, P. viticola clade aestivalis. Seven microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic structure of all 516 P. viticola isolates, identifying 23 alleles and 55 multilocus genotypes (MLGs). Among these MLGs, 34.5% were clonal and represented 93% of the isolates sampled. Four dominant genotypes were present in at least five different locations, corresponding to 65.7% of the isolates sampled. Genotypic diversity (Ĝ = 0.21–0.89) and clonal fraction (0.58–0.96) varied among locations (populations). Most populations showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations; in addition, excess of heterozygosity was verified for many loci. However, principal coordinate analysis revealed no clusters among locations and no significant isolation by distance was found, suggesting high levels of migration. The results indicate that downy mildew epidemics result from multiple clonal infections caused by a few genotypes of P. viticola, and reproduction of P. viticola in São Paulo State is predominantly asexual.     

Identification of an H1N1 subtype of swine influenza virus and serological analysis

To investigate the epizootic of swine influenza virus(SIV), 60 nasal swabs were collected from a clinical cases of pig farm in Tai'an City, Shandong Province of China in April 2017. SIV was isolated by inoculating into 10-day-old Special Pathogen Free embryonated eggs and the whole genome was sequenced. An H1N1 subtype SIV was isolated and designated as A/swine/Shandong/TA04/2017(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that apart from the polymerase A(PA) fragment belonging to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 branch, seven genome segments belonged to avian-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage. The cleavage site sequence of the hemagglutinin(HA) protein was PSIQSR↓G, which is a typical molecular biological characteristic. Five potential N-glycosylation sites(N14, N26, N277, N484 and N543) were found in the HA gene. To further investigate the epidemiology of SIV in this farm, the 995 serum samples were assessed with EAH1N1 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H3 N2 antigens. The results showed that the total positive rate was 65.43%. The positive rates of single virus infection detected by EAH1N1, 2009 pdmH1N1 and H3 N2 for serum HI(Hemagglutination inhibition) were 48.35, 30.85 and 7.47%, respectively. The results showed that SIV in Shandong Province has been reassorted in some segments and the SIV-positive rate was high on the SIV outbreak farm. These data provide evidence of an epizootic of SIV.     

粉红香水月季花香成分分析及在城市园林中的应用

粉红香水月季为著名的古老藤本月季,前期引种发现,粉红香水月季在上海具有良好的适应性。为进一步开发利用,本研究主要对其芳香性开展研究。采用搅拌子吸附萃取脱附结合气相色谱质谱技术提取和分析鲜花花瓣中的香气成分。结果显示,粉红香水月季的主要香气成分为3,5-二甲氧基甲苯,其次为3-乙酸叶醇酯、石竹烯、香叶醇等。香气类型为以3,5-二甲氧基甲苯为代表的茶香型,香气偏清韵。同时,3,5-二甲氧基甲苯具有独特的镇定安神效果。粉红香水月季在观赏园林和保健园林的景观营造中具广阔应用前景。     

毛竹销（钉）的高速旋转摩擦焊接性能研究

选取毛竹销钉替代木榫在1 500 r/min的情况下与榉木基材进行旋转摩擦焊接，对其抗拉强度和焊接机理进行研究。重点研究不同形状的预钻孔和不同榫径与孔径比值下的竹销钉焊接抗拉拔强度，并将其与木榫焊接和PVAc胶接的抗拉强度进行对比。结果表明:1）当采用恒定直径孔10/9、10/8、10/7、10/6 4种榫径/孔径比的焊接强度均高于PVAc胶接强度，但低于木荷榫和榉木榫的焊接强度，其中10/8的榫径/孔径比的焊接强度相对最高，达到了5.54 MPa；2）当采用渐变直径孔，竹销钉的焊接强度得到明显提高。其中10/8-6的榫径/渐变孔径比值取得了最高的焊接强度，达到6.42 MPa，比10/8比值的强度提高了15.6%，超过了木荷榫的焊接强度，但不及榉木榫的焊接强度；通过对竹销钉的焊接界面温度进行监测，发现焊接界面能在2 s内达到300℃以上的峰值高温，且维持了一定的高温时间（通常约2～3 s），随后随着竹销停止旋转摩擦，温度逐步下降；不同的榫径与孔径比值下，焊接界面的升温速率、峰值温度和高温持续的时间不同，它们是产生强度差异的主要原因；SEM观察结果显示，竹销旋转摩擦焊接界面由竹销或基材中的胞间层物质软化、熔化和流动并与作为增强材料的竹纤维包裹，形成了犹如“钢筋水泥土”结构般的致密、连续和坚固的焊接界面；FTIR分析结果表明，摩擦产生的高温会导致竹销中半纤维素发生一定程度的降解，纤维素的降级十分有限，木质素发生一定程度的缩合反应，木质素的含量相对提高。试验结果表明，将竹销钉代替木榫用于木材的旋转摩擦焊接是可行的。     

金花茶组叶片生化成分评价及其最佳采收期研究

本研究以26份来源于6种金花茶组植物、不同表型防城金花茶和不同月份采收的防城金花茶的成熟叶片为材料,建立同时测定芦丁、槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚4种黄酮成分的HPLC法,以及优化了测定茶多酚、总黄酮、总多糖和总皂苷成分含量的紫外分光光度法,基于以上8种成分含量,结合主成分综合评分和聚类分析的化学计量学方法,对不同来源金花茶叶片生化成分进行综合评价。结果表明：8种成分含量在不同来源金花茶叶片中存在差异,其中无名金花茶8种成分含量均较高,四季金花茶、防城金花茶次之;8年生1—12月份采收的防城金花茶叶片中,总皂苷、总黄酮和总多糖含量均表现为升-降-升-降的变化规律,并在10月含量达到最高;5年生不同种（S1~S14）主成分综合评分顺序为：无名金花茶>四季金花茶>防城金花茶（花蕾大、花多、不抗寒、花黄且大、尖果）>显脉金花茶>凹脉金花茶>小果金花茶;8年生不同月份（S15~S26）主成分综合评分顺序为：10月采>2月采>3月采>4月采>5月采>7月采>6月采>1月采>8月采>12月采>11月采>9月采,其中无名金花茶、四季金花茶及防城金花茶中花蕾大、花多、花黄且大等表型的金花茶叶片与2—4月份和10月份采集的8年生金花茶叶片的多指标综合评分排序位列前10;聚类分析结果将供试26份样品分为5类。综上所述,金花茶叶片的生化成分与金花茶植物种类和采收期有关,无名金花茶、四季金花茶和防城金花茶中花蕾大、花多、不抗寒、花黄且大的表现型的综合生化成分较高,初步确定防城金花茶叶片的适宜采收期为2—4月份和10月份,所建立的多指标定量结合化学计量学分析方法为金花茶组植物叶片的生化成分评价提供依据。     

色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林下灌木群落空间格局及其与倒木关联性分析

分析西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林下灌木群落的空间分布格局及其与倒木的关联性，探讨该森林生态系统内灌木的分布规律，并从空间分布格局角度量化倒木对灌木分布的影响。以色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林下灌木和倒木为研究对象，通过典型样地调查，用点格局法分析其空间分布格局以及与倒木的关联性。结果表明:1）样地内共有灌木7种，总密度730株·hm^-2，不同灌木种群分密度依次为杯萼忍冬（359株·hm^-2）>长尾槭（185株·hm^-2）>西南花楸（61株·hm^-2）>猴斑杜鹃（55株·hm^-2）>冰川茶藨子（53株·hm^-2）>光秃绣线菊（株·hm^-2）>峨眉蔷薇（株·hm^-2）；2）在0~50 m空间尺度内，冰川茶藨子、猴斑杜鹃、长尾槭、杯萼忍冬以集群分布为主要特征；西南花楸以随机分布为主要特征，只是在个别尺度呈现显著的集群分布；3）Ⅰ腐烂等级倒木与灌木在0~50 m空间尺度上呈显著的负关联，倒木整体与灌木及Ⅱ~Ⅴ腐烂等级倒木与灌木在0~50 m空间尺度上均无显著关联。不同灌木种群因对环境的适应性不同而具有不同的空间分布格局，灌木空间格局形成的生态过程及倒木对灌木空间分布的影响均具有复杂性。